How modernism tried to be original and created hell on Earth A horror story:

1/ The modernist builders were obsessed with two things: originality and capturing the essence of modernity in our buildings. Being modern, said the famous Dutch architect Oud, meant one must be “opposed” to traditional architecture *ominous background music kicks in*

2/ Rybczynski, an Urbanism professor, writes that old masters didn’t care for originality. Brunelleschi, the man whose 597 year old dome is still the largest in the world, borrowed liberally from “Roman ruins.” Rybczynski: “Imitation was at the heart of the Italian Renaissance”

3/ By making Originality their One True God, modernists cut off their own source of inspiration Their “international style” tried to be utilitarian without understanding the profound utility of beauty They said “form follows function” and forgot the function of aesthetics

4/ Human creativity cannot be repressed, only regrettably squandered. That’s what postmodernists did. Bored of their father (modernism) but estranged from their grandfather (tradition), they invented new shapes that produced shock but never awe. The kids aren’t alright

5/ A study in contrast: National Gallery of Art designed by J.Pope and the Guggenheim Museum designed by L.Wright Rybczynski writes the former was built by “imitating and modifying old forms,” the latter via “unrestrained invention” And the differences are starker on the inside

6/ Pope uses “ionic porticos” to tell us the gallery is a “secular temple of art.” Explore at your own pace and there are “plant-filled conservatories” to relax in. But Guggenheim is a “continuous helical ramp” with no shortcuts and bad lighting. Its design makes you a “prisoner”

7/ Yale commissioned modernists to build galleries and colleges in the 1960s Less than 50 years later, all of them “underwent major renovation at a cost far exceeding that of the original construction”(Rybczynski) "We’ll hurt your eyes and your wallet" - a modernist, somewhere

8/ Dont get excited about new materials too quickly. Brutalists went all on in reinforced concrete, thousands of structures were built, and then we learnt “steel & concrete” are terrible together. Rybczynski: “Concrete cracks, steel rusts.” Yesterday’s innovation, today’s eyesore

9/ Just because the fascists liked classical aesthetics, the modernists leaned EVER more heavily on their international, concretized, “antitotalitarian” style. The modern world looks the way it does because to prefer beauty apparently makes you Literally Hitler...

Thread inspired by the essays of professor Witold Rybczynski (@witoldr) Sources of the quotes: Hedgehog Review 1. 2.

@witoldr Beauty exists We prefer it to its alternatives These are basic truths And every basic truth, unfairly suppressed, will eventually explode with the fury of a volcano

@witoldr Enjoy this connected thread C.S. Lewis on how beauty matters even when the bombs start falling:

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Thank you for reading fren! I appreciate your time Do repost👇🏻

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